Welcome to our disclosure wiki

This wiki catalogues empirical evidence relating to inadequate disclosure and wrongful conviction. Inadequate disclosure refers to the situation in evidence that could have helped a defendant was held by the prosecution or police but not handed over to the defence as mandated by the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, as amended by the Criminal Justice Act 2003.

Disclosure Related Wrongful Convictions in the UK

Total cases:
73
Years lost:
515.83
Average years lost:
7.07
2
David Cooper
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1969
Year of initial conviction: 1970
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
Michael McMahon
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1969
Year of initial conviction: 1970
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
1970
1971
1
John Preece
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 8
Year of crime: 1972
Year of initial conviction: 1972
Year conviction overturned: 1981
View case
1972
1
Frank Newell
Most serious offence: Robbery / burglary
Years in prison: 8
Year of crime: 1973
Year of initial conviction: 1973
Year conviction overturned: 2014
View case
1973
1
Judith Ward
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 18
Year of crime: 1974
Year of initial conviction: 1974
Year conviction overturned: 1992
View case
1974
5
Paul Hill
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 14
Year of crime: 1974
Year of initial conviction: 1975
Year conviction overturned: 1989
View case
Gerry Conlon
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 14
Year of crime: 1974
Year of initial conviction: 1975
Year conviction overturned: 1989
View case
Paddy Armstrong
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 14
Year of crime: 1974
Year of initial conviction: 1975
Year conviction overturned: 1989
View case
Carole Richardson
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 14
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1975
Year conviction overturned: 1989
View case
Patrick Livingstone
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 17.5
Year of crime: 1975
Year of initial conviction: 1975
Year conviction overturned: 2013
View case
1975
1
Hugh Hanna
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 9
Year of crime: 1976
Year of initial conviction: 1976
Year conviction overturned: 2005
View case
1976
2
Robert Hindes
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 9
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1977
Year conviction overturned: 2005
View case
John Joseph Boyle
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 9
Year of crime: 1977
Year of initial conviction: 1977
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
1977
1978
1979
1
Charlie McMenamin
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 3
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1980
Year conviction overturned: 2007
View case
1980
1
John Kamara
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 20
Year of crime: 1981
Year of initial conviction: 1981
Year conviction overturned: 2000
View case
1981
1982
1983
1
Peter Fell
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 17
Year of crime: 1982
Year of initial conviction: 1984
Year conviction overturned: 2001
View case
1984
1
Martin McCauley
Most serious offence: Other
Year of crime: 1982
Year of initial conviction: 1985
Year conviction overturned: 2014
View case
1985
2
Wayne Darvell
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 7
Year of crime: 1985
Year of initial conviction: 1986
Year conviction overturned: 1992
View case
Paul Darvell
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 7
Year of crime: 1985
Year of initial conviction: 1986
Year conviction overturned: 1992
View case
1986
3
Mary Clinton
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 2
Year of crime: 1987
Year of initial conviction: 1987
Year conviction overturned: 2016
View case
Gilbert (Danny) McNamee
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 11
Year of crime: 1982
Year of initial conviction: 1987
Year conviction overturned: 1998
View case
George Lewis
Most serious offence: Robbery / burglary
Years in prison: 5.5
Year of crime: 1987
Year of initial conviction: 1987
Year conviction overturned: 1992
View case
1987
3
Prem Sivalingham
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 6
Year of crime: 1986
Year of initial conviction: 1988
Year conviction overturned: 1994
View case
Sam Kulasingham
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 6
Year of crime: 1986
Year of initial conviction: 1988
Year conviction overturned: 1994
View case
John McLoughlin
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1988
Year conviction overturned: 1998
View case
1988
3
Eddie Browning
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 6
Year of crime: 1988
Year of initial conviction: 1989
Year conviction overturned: 1994
View case
Mary Druhan
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1988
Year of initial conviction: 1989
Year conviction overturned: 1999
View case
Stuart Gair
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 13
Year of crime: 1989
Year of initial conviction: 1989
Year conviction overturned: 2006
View case
1989
6
Anthony Poole
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 13
Year of crime: 1989
Year of initial conviction: 1990
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
Gary Mills
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 13
Year of crime: 1989
Year of initial conviction: 1990
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
Raphael Rowe
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1988
Year of initial conviction: 1990
Year conviction overturned: 2000
View case
Michael Davis
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1988
Year of initial conviction: 1990
Year conviction overturned: 2000
View case
Randolph Johnson
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1988
Year of initial conviction: 1990
Year conviction overturned: 2000
View case
Veronica Ryan
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 0.33
Year of crime: 1989-1990
Year of initial conviction: 1990
Year conviction overturned: 2014
View case
1990
8
Trevor Wickens
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 12
Year of crime: 1986
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
Christy Walsh
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 14
Year of crime: 1991
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2010
View case
Gerard Hodgkins
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: Unknown
Year of crime: 1990
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
James Martin
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 17
Year of crime: 1990
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
Liam Martin
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 17
Year of crime: 1990
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
Daniel Morrison
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: Unknown
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
Daniel Caldwell
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: Unknown
Year of crime: 1990
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
James O’Carroll
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: Unknown
Year of crime: 1990
Year of initial conviction: 1991
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
1991
2
John Brannan
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 6
Year of crime: 1991
Year of initial conviction: 1992
Year conviction overturned: 2002
View case
Bernard Murphy
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: 1991
Year of initial conviction: 1992
Year conviction overturned: 2002
View case
1992
3
Joseph Kassar
Most serious offence: Drugs offences
Years in prison: 10
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1993
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
Andrew Adams
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 14
Year of crime: 1990
Year of initial conviction: 1993
Year conviction overturned: 2007
View case
Derek A
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 7
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1993
Year conviction overturned: 2000
View case
1993
2
Robert Doubtfire
Most serious offence: Drugs offences
Years in prison: 6
Year of crime: 1994
Year of initial conviction: 1994
Year conviction overturned: 2001
View case
Martin C
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 9
Year of crime: 1988-1990
Year of initial conviction: 1994
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
1994
1995
2
Zoe Martindale
Most serious offence: Drugs offences
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1996
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
Sultan Alam
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 0.75
Year of crime: Unknown
Year of initial conviction: 1996
Year conviction overturned: 2007
View case
1996
1997
1
Daniel Mansell
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 11
Year of crime: 1996
Year of initial conviction: 1998
Year conviction overturned: 2009
View case
1998
2
Sally Clark
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 3
Year of crime: 1996, 1998
Year of initial conviction: 1999
Year conviction overturned: 2003
View case
John Siddall
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 1985-88
Year of initial conviction: 1999
Year conviction overturned: 2006
View case
1999
2
Philip Iredale
Most serious offence: Manslaughter / non-fatal offence against the person
Year of crime: 1999
Year of initial conviction: 2000
Year conviction overturned: 2006
View case
Ian Brooke
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 6
Year of crime: 1986
Year of initial conviction: 2000
Year conviction overturned: 2006
View case
2000
1
Patrick Zengeya
Most serious offence: Other
Years in prison: 0.75
Year of crime: 2001
Year of initial conviction: 2001
Year conviction overturned: 2009
View case
2001
2002
3
Jason Giles
Most serious offence: Drugs offences
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 2003
Year of initial conviction: 2003
Year conviction overturned: 2009
View case
Leslie Warren
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 2
Year of crime: 2003
Year of initial conviction: 2003
Year conviction overturned: 2005
View case
Jason K
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 3
Year of crime: 2003
Year of initial conviction: 2003
Year conviction overturned: 2006
View case
2003
2004
2
David Ballingham
Most serious offence: Manslaughter / non-fatal offence against the person
Year of crime: 2005
Year of initial conviction: 2005
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
David Tucker
Most serious offence: Robbery / burglary
Years in prison: 3
Year of crime: 2005
Year of initial conviction: 2005
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
2005
3
Afzal Khan
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 2
Year of crime: 2005
Year of initial conviction: 2006
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
Azhill Khan
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 2
Year of crime: 2005
Year of initial conviction: 2006
Year conviction overturned: 2008
View case
Mark Paterson
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Year of crime: 2002
Year of initial conviction: 2006
Year conviction overturned: 2014
View case
2006
2007
5
Antonio Christie
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 2002
Year of initial conviction: 2008
Year conviction overturned: 2012
View case
Levi Walker
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 2002
Year of initial conviction: 2008
Year conviction overturned: 2012
View case
Adam Joof
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 2002
Year of initial conviction: 2008
Year conviction overturned: 2012
View case
Michael Osbourne
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 2002
Year of initial conviction: 2008
Year conviction overturned: 2012
View case
Owen Crooks
Most serious offence: Murder
Years in prison: 4
Year of crime: 2002
Year of initial conviction: 2008
Year conviction overturned: 2012
View case
2008
1
Tonderai Chakwana
Most serious offence: Sexual offences
Years in prison: 3
Year of crime: 2008
Year of initial conviction: 2009
Year conviction overturned: 2013
View case
2009
2010
2
Christopher Millar
Most serious offence: Robbery / burglary
Years in prison: 0.5
Year of crime: 2011
Year of initial conviction: 2011
Year conviction overturned: 2013
View case
Marc McClenaghan
Most serious offence: Robbery / burglary
Years in prison: 0.5
Year of crime: 2011
Year of initial conviction: 2011
Year conviction overturned: 2013
View case
2011
Year of initial conviction
Jurisdiction

Illustrative cases from the UK

Disclosure Literature

Title Author(s) Year Tag(s) Link
Culture in criminal procedure reform: Why the revised disclosure scheme cannot work Hannah Quirk 2006 Disclosure View paper
Defence strategies for information deficit: Negotiating the CIPA Roger Leng 1997 Disclosure View paper
Re-evaluating post conviction disclosure Holly Greenwood and Dennis Eady 2019 Disclosure View paper
The law of disclosure: A perennial problem in criminal justice (book) Ed Johnston and Tom Smith 2020 Disclosure View paper
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